The discharge tube of the CO2 laser is filled with mixed gases such as CO2, N2, and He (the specific structure of the CO2 laser is shown in Figure 3), and the ratio and total pressure can be changed within a certain range (the general ratio is CO2: N2: He. =1: 0.5: 2.5, the total pressure is 1066.58Pa). The CO2 laser puts the above-mentioned mixed gas in an optical oscillator, and uses the transition between the vibration and rotation energy levels of CO2 molecules to generate laser light. The gas discharge pumping method is used to inject energy into the CO2 gas molecules, so that the CO2 molecules in the discharge tube reach a reversed distribution state. The specific physical process is as follows:

1) Connect the two output terminals of the DC voltage to the two electrodes of the discharge tube. When no voltage is applied or the voltage is very low, the gas between the two electrodes is completely insulated, the internal resistance is infinite, and no current flows;

2) As the voltage increases, charged particles begin to move in the gas, and the internal resistance of the gas begins to decrease. When the voltage reaches a certain voltage peak, the internal resistance decreases sharply, the current increases rapidly, and the gas is broken down;

3) After the gas in the discharge tube is broken down and discharged, the current increases, the carriers in the gas increase, and the internal resistance of the laser discharge tube decreases, which in turn causes the current to increase, so that after repeated progress, the discharge tube appears negative In order to make the discharge work stably, the power supply circuit of the discharge tube adopts current limiting measures at a certain value of the current-voltage characteristic curve of the discharge tube.

4) When the discharge tube discharges, the N2 molecules in the mixed gas collide with electrons, and the electron energy obtained is excited. When the N2 molecule collides with the CO2 molecule, the energy obtained from the electron is transferred to the CO2 molecule. After multiple energy conversions, the CO2 molecule is activated, which leads to the generation of laser light.
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